Review on Aluminum-Ice Green Propellants

The reaction between fine aluminum particles and water over the past fifty years, due to high energy generation and green products is in consideration. But all aluminum particles have an inactive oxidative layer and in case of Nano-Al this layer has high ratio of particles. So, efficiency of hydrogen produced by the reaction between water and aluminum is less than the theoretical value. There are two ways to reduce the amount of aluminum oxide and thus increase the hydrogen efficiency, which one is the replacement of nano-aluminum components with micro-aluminum and the other is the introduction of hydrogen-rich components. Aluminum hydride or alane are used in many high-energy materials due to their high hydrogen storage. Many studies show that using hydrogen peroxide in Alice and alane propellants promote its performance.