Parasitoids of Tortrix viridana L. in Kurdistan Province

Tortrix viridana L. 1758 has many parasitoids. In this investigation, we tried to identify these parasitoids and determine their effects on reducing the pest population. This project was conducted in Marivan and Bane regions during 2012 and 2013. By visiting infested forests, once a month, at least 50 eggs were collected and transported to the laboratory to emerge the possible parasitoids. Concurrent with the emergence of larvae and pupae of the pest, by weekly visits of the contaminated areas, at least 100 larvae or pupae were collected and transported to the laboratory. Parasitoids were collected by regular visits of the cages and parasitism rate, kind of parasitoid in each stage and finally the percentage of parasitism were determined. The results did not reveal any parasitoids from the eggs, however by survey of larvae and pupae as a result of this study, 10 species of parasitoid wasps belonging to six families and three species of tachinid fly emerged from the collected larvae and pupae. The results showed that larval parasitism was negligible in the early instars but it was ranged between 15 to 25% on old larval stages and pupae. Based on the results obtained over the two years, Goniozus yezo Terayama, 2006 with an average frequency of 66.7% of the total population, had the highest frequency followed by Brachymeria minuta (Linnaeus, 1767) and Apanteles sp. with 13 and 8.5%, respectively.