Pneumomediastinum following Endobronchial Ultrasound- Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: A Case Report

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an effective and safe technique associated with a very low complication rate for the sampling of lymph nodes in those presenting with mediastinal and hilar adenopathy. We report a rare case describing the development of pneumomediastinum following EBUS-TBNA in a young patient with mediastinal lymphadenopathy secondary to non-Hodgkin s lymphoma. Conservative treatment led to spontaneous resolution of the pneumomediastinum. Pneumomediastinum is a rare but possible complication of EBUS-TBNA. Careful follow-up can reduce its severity and the associated morbidity.