sodium cyanoborohydride; tonsil clay; reduction; aldehyde; ketone; Alcohols; green chemistry

A comparative study on the application of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for copper ion removal from industrial wastewaters has beed performed. The biosorption characteristics of copper ions were determined by using dead bacterial cells which were inactivated by steam sterilization and also structural modified bacterial strains that were pretreated by sodium hydroxide to approach the maximum biosorption capacity. The morphology and surface functional groups of the biosorbents were analyzed by  SEM and FT-IR, respectively. The best removal efficiency was carried out by pretreated cells at optimum conditions of pH=7, biosorbent dose of 0.1 g and copper concentration of 100 ppm after 75 min of contact time at 37°C  and up to 76% of copper ions were removed, whereas the dead cells biosorption efficiency and the alive cells bioaccumulation efficiency were 71.48 % and 68.93 % at the same conditions but only after 15 and 30 minutes of contact time,respectively. The kinetic models were applied to the equilibrium data and the results are best fitted by the Pseudo-second-order kinetics which described the biosorption of copper very well. Also optimum conditions of these biosorbens were appllied to an electroplating industrial wastewater sampleand 99.68% of copper ions have been removed by modified biosorbent. Also the recovery of biosorbed copper ions and the reusability of biosorbents have been investigated.