Effect of Frequency Aerobic Exercise on Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax Gene in Mice With Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a permanent and irreversible cell death and death of the myocardium. Physical training reduces cardiac muscle apoptosis, but its molecular process is still unknown in response to activity and also the intensity of exercise. Exercise activity can be expected to prevent cell death by influencing the most important factors affecting the apoptosis process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise intensity on apoptosis in rats with myocardial infarction.
In this experimental study, 18 male Wistar rats with myocardial infarction were divided into three groups: High intensity periodic exercise (HIIT), Low intensity (LIIT) and Control group (without exercise). Bcl-2 and Bax cardiomyocyte concentrations were evaluated as the main markers of apoptosis by qRT-PCR method.
Bcl-2 values ​​were significantly higher in the high intensity exercise group (HIIT) than in the control group (p = 0.077), in the low intensity periodic exercise group (LIIT) (p = 0.017) were more than the control group. Bax values ​​were significantly higher in the high intensity periodic exercise group (HIIT) (p = 0.019) than in the control group. While in the low intensity exercise group (LIIT), there was no significant increase compared to the control group (p = 0.98). BCL-2 values ​​in the low intensity periodic exercise group (LIIT) were higher than the high intensity periodic exercise group (HIIT) (p = 0.023). Bax index values ​​in the high intensity periodic exercise group (HIIT) were higher than the low intensity exercise group (1.91).
Periodic training was performed by expression of Bcl-2 and Bax gene and as a result of reduction of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction, which depends on the intensity of exercise. In addition, low intensity periodic exercises have a greater effect than high intensity periodic exercises. On this basis, it is recommended that attention be paid to intensive training in cardiac rehab.