Studies in recognition of natural environment impacts on evolution of political governance in Iran

Introduction In political geography studies, political processes emergence causing is under the influence of natural and physical features. In other word, roles of natural factors and conditions always have been considered as one of the important foundations of development and governance system. Many scientists have believed that weather conditions particularly affected by the geographical position have an important role on the types of state. For example, Aristotle knew the weather conditions having effects in the evolution of societies. So that, in his opinion in the Greek, its success due to temperate climate their intellectual superiority of the Greeks is influenced by These conditions. So, this approach cannot be studying of government and politics in a territory only based on sociological approaches (such as Weber's theory) or economic (such as Marx's theory) and The evolution of the state should not be seen as a generalized interpretation. Although in modern humanities science interdisciplinary viewpoints is very important and unity index approach that represents the geographical determinism idea has lost its importance in the history of geography. But the impact of the natural environment in the process and political structures cannot be overlooked. In this regard, the effects of natural features of the Iranian plateau on political process such as evolution of state in twentieth century, type of governance system, structure of power, political culture, has been an important theme in the studies of political geography. In this approaches seems that dominant political structure and process in Iran has been reacted from physical conditions of Iran plateau. In this paper was assessed, the impacts of natural environment conditions on political system in recent century.
MethodologyIn this paper, with description and analytical approaches has been attempted that the emergence of features and characteristics of Iran political evolution of state are examined with relation with natural characteristics of Iran geographical environment. This paper seeks to answer the question: “Does physical geographical factors has impacts on evolution of features and characteristics of Iran political structure?” To answer this question, has used descriptive –analytical methods and with refer to valid bibliography, were struggled that geographical factors extracted as basics source of this issues and has been attempted who are examined with relation to natural characteristics of the geographical environment.
Finding and discussion In this article, discussing and investigating all natural geographic factors relating to evaluated the special political process and structure in Iran. The effects of the physical characteristics of Iran plateau in the evolution of state in the form of the following are noteworthy:1- distribution of natural resources and bio-geography of Iran is often uneven and Iran has been posed in arid and semi-arid belt. The average rainfall of about 240 mm, which is less than a third of the world average and despite the fact that Iran is about 2/1 percent of Earth's land and one percent of the population is capable, but received only 36 hundredths of a percent annual rainfall. On the other hand, geographical distribution of natural resources and fossil fuels are not the same in the whole country. In other words, when the sources of power and wealth in a country is located in a restricted area. Only governments are able to distribution this benefits of those resources fairly between different regions of the country. Therefore, this condition is one of the fundamental factors tend to make the concentration of power in Iran.
2- In terms of historical geography form of political events - Iran's pre-Islamic government and then until the present century is in fact the story of the rise to power of Eilat. In other word, diversity and independent Geomorphological and hydrological units that can be seen in Iran. Obviously, this pattern livelihood Historically has stable own culture in political culture in Iran.
3- In recent centuries revenues from oil exports gradually greater role as an environmental factor causing the formation of a centralized state in Iran. On the other hand, the accumulation of sources of income in the hands of the state as a powerful tool; the possibility of expanding the distribution of public institutions and social structures and limits the geographical distribution of power in the country limits.
4- The most important factor shaping the developments in Iran's foreign relations is its geographical position among spheres of influence of world super powers and its possession for fossil and mineral resources. For examples, the occupation of Iran during World War II, contracts such as 1907- Join Iran before the revolution and the Baghdad and CENTO Pact, military role of Iran in the Persian Gulf during the 1970s decade Represents the historical function of this geographical position. In this approaches, during past two centuries due to having geographical position for appropriated transportation as well as for having significant natural resources as a platform to compete with global super powers.
Conclusion Finding research reveals that natural features of Iran’s plateau Such as mountain ranges and deserts and geographical position has been effective roles on process and structure politic in Iran. In this approach are taken consider the ecological foundations as fundamental differences between Iran history with western history. In this framework before the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, for inconsistent distribution of biological factors such as fertility soil and drinking water in the nature geography of Iran has caused the finding biological resources was become one dominant aspect of the Iran society life. So, Nomads have been an important role in the evolution of Iranian politics in previous century. The constant process of political interaction between powers about Iran where is Due to Iran's geopolitical situation in the South West Asia. So it can be said that natural factors such as geographical position, climate, soil characteristics, geopolitical, geo-economic conditions as structural factors have been effective role in shaping events in Iran's foreign policy and the evolution of decentralized government and the formation of the government before the present century rentier in contemporary Iran.