The Analyse of Neolithisation of the East Azerbaijan (Ardabil province) on the Basis of Archaeological Documents of Ghousha Tepe Shaharyeri

Neolithic period is an important event and turning point in history and life of human being, since this era is a change from human dependence in nature to its control and management. The process of this evolution is quite complicated and included important social, economical, cultural and environmental factors. Along with the mentioned factors above, archeological studies show that many areas in near-east have experienced Neolithisation, while the other zones such as Azerbaijan were part of marginal districts, and the Neolithisation of these zones was the diffusion and reflection of Neolithic centers. Therefore, peripheral plains near the lake -as a center of regionwere settled for first the time by non-regional groups in the last stage Neolithic, and again the same center(peripheral plains beside lakes) was diffused to district with the passage of time. The important reasons can be the increase of settlements and consequently population which triggered the immigration of some groups of the population that consisted of seasonal transhumance. They  were more of seasonal pastoral people who identified and settled in other zones far from lakes, such as one of the far regions from center in Meshkin Shahr Plain where Ghousha Tepe was the first of its settlement site. Having explained and analyzed the Neolithic period in Azerbaijan in this paper, particularly its eastern area(Ardebil province) - on the basis of archaeological data of Ghousha tepe, it was concluded that this site, at first, was formed at last century of 6th millennium and at the beginning of 5th millennium by people who were familiar with Neolithic culture of lakes. And secondly, since then, the permanent convergence and cooperation lasted between Ghousha Tepe and Uremia Lake even in Chalcolithic era.