Effects of Endo-Mycorrhiza, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Foliar Application with Nano Zinc Oxide on Effective Traits at Grain Filling of Triticale Under Soil Salinity Condition

In order to evaluation the effects of mycorrhiza, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nano zinc oxide foliar application on effective traits at grain filing of triticale under soil salinity condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2014. Factors experiment were included soil salinity in four levels (non-salinity, salinity 20, 40 and 60 mM NaCl), biofertilizers in four levels (no application of biofertilizers, application of mycorrhiza, Azotobacter chrocoocoum strain 5 Psedomunas putida strain 186, both application PGPR mycorrhiza) and nano zinc oxide in three levels (without nano zinc oxide, application of 0.4 and 0.8 g lit-1). Results showed that grain yield per plant, yield components, grain filling rate, grain filling period and effective grain filling period decreased with increasing of soil salinity. While proline and soluble sugars content increased. Means comparison showed that the highest of yield per plant (3.64 g. plant-1), grain filling rate (0.00196 g day-1), grain filling period (52.75 days) and effective grain filling period (36.62 days) were obtained at both application of PGPR and mycorrhiza, foliar application 0.8 g lit-1 nano zinc oxide and no-salinity. The highest content of soluble sugars (99.48 mg g-1 FW) was obtained at both application of PGPR and mycorrhiza, foliar application 0.8 g.lit-1 nano zinc oxide and salinity of 60 mM. Salinity of 20, 40 and 60 mM NaCl decreased 8.9%, 22.11% and 32.34% respectively from grain yield and application of biofertilizers and nano zinc oxide compensated 40.17%, 49.74% and 40% respectively from yield reduction. Based on the results, it seems that application of biofertilizers and nano zinc oxide can be recommended for profitable triticale production under soil salinity condition.