Effect of Pioglitazone on Antioxidant Capacity and Oxidative Damage after Spinal Cord Injury in Rat

Reduction of the antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage has a crucial role in development of damage after spinal cord injury. Since pioglitazone (PPAR-gamma agonist) have a powerful antioxidant property, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in the injured areas of spinal cord in rat.
In the present experimental study eighteen male Wistar rats divided into three groups as follow (n=6); sham, control injured and pioglitazone-treated injured group. Spinal cord injury was performed according to the Ping-Weight Drop (contusion) model in rat. The animals received pioglitazone (3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at times of 15 min after injury and then each 12 hours until a week. At the end, malondialdehyde level, activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and also histopathological alterations of spinal cord were assessed.
FINDINGS: Induction of spinal cord injury in control injured animals significantly increased the malondialdehyde levels (56%) and decreased the activity of catalase (48%) and SOD (65%) enzymes compared to sham group (P=0.004, P=0.001 and P=0.008, respectively). Pioglitazone in treated injured group significantly decreased the malondialdehyde levels (38%) and increased the activity of catalase (34%) enzyme compared to control injured group (P=0.038 and P=0.014, respectively). Also, pioglitazone prevented the histopathological changes of injured areas in spinal cord.
The findings of present study indicate that treatment with pioglitazone through potentiation of the antioxidant defense capacity of injured spinal cord decreases oxidative damage and also histopathological changes of spinal cord.