On the Semantics of Imperatives in Persian
Author(s):
Article Type:
Research/Original Article (دارای رتبه معتبر)
Abstract:
The present paper aims to analyze the imperatives in Persian form a formal semantics viewpoint. Basically, as well as the directive meaning as their default reading, the imperatives express a variety of other illocutionary forces. Due to this effect, therefore, this paper attempts to explain the multiplicity of interpretations of this clause type in Persian in a systematic way. To this end, following Kratzers (1977, 1979, 1981, 1986, 1991, 2012) Possible-Worlds Semantics approach to modality and modelling Schwagers (2005, 2006) comparison of imperatives on the basis of the modals, it is shown in this paper that the imperative clause in Persian has the Command reading underlyingly, but it may express other illocutionary forces like Prohibition, Request, etc. under the influence of situational contexts where it is used. Indeed, the imperative clause has a modal operator which resembles the modal verb must. This operator expresses necessity as the modal force regarding the Common Ground between the speaker and the addressee as the modal base and is limited by some preference-related constraints as the ordering source. Such an approach means that accounting for the different interpretations of the imperatives implies a conflation of semantics with pragmatics at some level of analysis.
Keywords:
Language:
Persian
Published:
Journal of Western Iranian Languages and Dialects, Volume:6 Issue: 21, 2018
Pages:
99 to 126
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