Analysis of Rural-Urban Migrations and its Consequences on Urban Unsustainability, Case Study: Birjand City

The purpose of this study was to understand the nature, type and contribution of each of the migration factors (repulsive, gravity, extraneous and personal) in migrating from village to city and its consequences on the instability of Birjand city. The type of applied research with descriptive-analytical nature, which was carried out using scrolling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all rural households living in Birjand, which was determined using the Cochran sample size formula, 329 households. The research samples were selected using random sampling method. SPSS and Excel software were used to analyze the data. According to the results, the social implications of housing in the city showed that there are more negative social consequences for immigrants after migrating to the city. Among the repatriation factors of rural migrants, socio-occupational factors have had the greatest impact, after which economic, educational and research factors, cultural and religious, natural and political, are in the next category. Among the natural variables of "recent drought", the most important factor was repulsion and among the economic factors "access to work and work" and "more income in the city" were the most important factors of attraction.