Identification of sperm cell death biology

Cell death is a scientific area which has drawn tremendous attention in recent years. Under normal physiological conditions, cells maintain this balance via different pathways including, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum response and etc. The smallest defect in preservation of this balance may result in diseases such as infertility. Since, etiology of many cases of infertility is unknown; scientists have tried to achieve a better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying production and death of male gametes, in an effort to overcome this complication.
For this review, all relevant information was collected via databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar during the period 1998-2016.
Cell death phenomenon appears to be a permanent feature in the testis and during early embryo development. Recently, three cell death pathways; apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis are known to be involved in physiological and pathological phenomena.
Conducting more investigations and paying more attention to different mechanisms of cell death in testis and sperm could lead to impressive improvement in understanding etiology of male infertility.