An overview of methods for increasing the efficiency of dye sensitive solar cells true titanium dioxide photoelectrodes optimaization

Commercial solar cells are mainly made of single-crystal or polycrystalline silicon wafers. The main disadvantages of these cells are the high cost of raw materials and manufacturing methods. Dye Sensitive Solar Cells (DSSCs) are
widely studied due to the low cost fabrication method, environmentally friendly, and competitive performance. The components of DSSC are the conductive substrate, dye, photoanode, catalyst and electrolyte. Each component has its own special significance, but among them, photoanode is the main component which determines the energy conversion efficiency. To date, various materials have been used as photoanode. In the meantime, large surface area
nanostructured photoanode, high electron transfer and low electron recombination facilitate the production of DSSCswith high energy conversion efficiency. Improvement of photoanodes, such as crystal structure(by controlling of
annealing temperature), tube morphology(by controlling of voltage, temperature and time of anodizing), are needed to accomplish such things as high surface area, high light scattering effect, increased interfacial quality, fast electron transfer, and increased charge harvesting capacity.