The Methodology of translating the metonymies in Nahj al-Balaghah sermons based on Peter Newmark's viewpoint (Comparative study of the translations by: Ayati, Dashti, Shahidi and Makarem)

One of the most important ways to transmit the messages from one nation and culture, to another is translation. Peter Newmark, one of the contemporary theorists of translation, believes that in general, the translation is divided into two types of communication and semantics. The effect and significance of translation are reflected in various aspects, one of which is to translate literary works and include rhetorical devices. The most prominent of these devices is the metonymy. Regarding the ideas of Newmark, there are different kinds of translating the metonymies including mentioning the equivalent for the allusion, explicit and direct meaning, Mozart method (literal with explanation), etc. which depends on different aspects. "Nahj al-Balaghah" of Imam Ali (as) is one of the valuable works that is rich in literary prominence based on its content and form. The present study tries to identify a better way of translating the metonymies in Nahj al-Balaghah's sermons based on Newmark's ideas with a descriptive and analytical method, and in order to better understand the words of Imam Ali (AS); in this regard, the performance of four Persian translations from Nahj al-Balaghah was the studied data, so as to identify the most appropriate ones in translating the metonymies, it is to be determined which translation method is more frequent. The results showed that the most frequent method of translating Nahj al-Balaghah's metaphorical interpretations is the literal translation method with explanation (Mozart method), because most of its metonymies are of an innovative and standard type, and the translation of Ayati and Dashti correspond to Newmark's view and more relevant than others, among the four translations.