Religious and Political Challenges of Ayyubid Dynasty and Shiism with Emphasis on Social and Intellectual Consequences

After the death of Al-Azed le Din ul llah, the last caliph of Fatimid Dynasty in 567 AH, Salah ul Din Ayyubi declared the end of the Fatimid Caliphate and proclaimed Egypt as the Abbasid dominion. He ordered to preach a Khutba (Sermon) in Egypt to introduce Mostazi (575-566) as an Abbasid caliph. Then Egypt entered a new phase of history. Shiism was replaced by Sunnism, Ayyubid succeeded Fatimid, and Al- Azhar university was replaced by Shafii and Maleki schools. Ayyubids caused many troubles for the Shiites and they did their best to eradicate Shiism. They established Abbasid dynasty in Egypt, in consequence, Hafizi Ismailians were molested and a lot of them were killed. During this period, Shia suffered a great deal and faced numerous political and intellectual changes. The present paper tries to analyze and describe the situation of this period.