A Comparative Study of the Teaching of Bada' in the Thought of Mirdamad and Sadr ul-Mutallehin

The teaching of Bada' (lit. Emersion/change) is one of the important issues in the field of the relation of the event to the eternal and, considering the impossibility of change in the divine nature and divine intrinsic knowledge, the nature of Bada' have been always in ambiguity. The present research comparatively examines this teaching in the thought of Mirdamad and Sadr ul-Mutallehin, the founders of the Yamani Wisdom and the Transcendental Wisdom. Through this research it had been cleared that, according to Mirdamad, Bada' belongs to existential affairs and shows the limitedness of time of giving by the cause. Its domain is the material world; the worlds of Dahr and Sarmad do not accept Bada'. With a comprehensive sight, Sadr ul-Mutallehin has explained the actual and affirmative Bada': the actual Bada' is the occurrence of efface and prove in the partial souls of the firmaments as a level of the divine knowledge. The affirmative Bada' is the connection of the prophets and saints' souls with the partial souls of the firmaments and to recive two different news on one issue.