The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi, PGPRs and Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Essential Oil Content of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) Seed

Anethum graveolens L. commonly known as Dill, is an annual medicinal plant.Dill seeds are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In order to investigate the effect of AMF and two plant growth promoting rhizobactria native to Ahvaz soil, on growth and flowering of Anethum graveolens L., this experiment was done based on randomized complete block design with five treatment and four replications, during the 2015-2016 in the farm of agriculture college of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The PGPRs were Entrobacter cloace R13, Entrobacter cloace R33, the Mycorrhiza was mix of three species (Glomuse mosseae, G. intraradices, G. etunicatum) that compare with chemical fertilizers (NPK) and control (no fertilizer). The result of this experiment showed significant difference in treatment (p≤0.01). Mean comparison of treatment effects showed that E. closea R13had significant effect on most of parameters. The most increase in flower number, capitol fresh weight, capitol diameter, leaf number, stem branches, had happened in this treatment, that it has no significant difference in most parameters with E.closea R33. Also the best result in leaf phosphorus and nitrogen content, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content, was obtained by PGPRs. Dill plant inoculated with E. closea R13 showed better growth and yield compare to control and chemical, but was not as weel as E. closea . The PGPRs in comparison with chemical fertilizers, had positive effects on Dill plant and increased the growth parameters and yield, and could be replace with chemical fertilizers.