The Syrian Kalami Trend in the First Hijri Century between Negation and Affirmation

With the beginning of the Islamic conquests in the first Hijri century and the Muslim entrance in the Syrian region which was amongst the most important states of the Byzantine Empire, the Muslim Arabs encountered Christianity which during years of its rise and development, using the Greek knowledge and culture and due to philosophical and mystical conflicts on theological discussions, changed to a full-challenge school which had various trends and sects. The existence of such history in the Syrian territories caused some scholars to think of the Syrian conquest as a groundwork for the entrance of some of these thoughts, discussions and issues in the newly-converted- Muslim Syrian society which accordingly, being affected by the Christian theology, the Syrian Muslims established an autonomous Kalami trend in Syria. On the contrast, some other group either denies the existence of such a trend in the first century in Syria or attributes the rise of theological discussions in Syria to inner factors of the Islamic world. By explaining the evidences of believers of the existence of the Syrian Kalami trend and answering to the arguments of the deniers of the Syrian Kalami trend, we will affirm this trend in the first Hijri century and explain the sings of its existence.