Analyzing photograph (photo) by linguistic types

With regard to representative characteristic and communicative nature of photograph, and on the other hand, expressive and esthetic capabilities of photography, it can be stated that as human being uses language in various ways and thus creates one of the linguistic types, i.e. prose, verse, and poem, the photographer is also able to create photos with functions and qualities similar to linguistic types by using his intellectual and emotional faculties and with the help of technical facilities and expressive capabilities of the camera and photo edit. In other words, photograph, just like language, can adopt the functions and roles of citation, communicative, soliloquist, and artistic. Therefore, the aim of this research is to compare photo with the linguistic types. Also, the raised research question is that by what factors a photographer can create photos similar to linguistic types? The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and comparative, and information collection is library-based. The results of the research indicate that some characteristics of linguistic types can be identified in photo; in the way that some photos have the functions of referential, reportorial, and citation just like prose and convey some information to the audience. Some other, similar to verse, give the audience a visual enjoyment due to their form, and another category like poetry has ambiguous quality and makes the audience to think and contemplate. Drawing on frame (horizontal or vertical), angle (up, low, left or right), as well as other expressive functions of camera (aperture, shutter speed ...) on the one hand, and different photo editing features (low or high contrast, color temperatures and …) on the other hand, the photographer can capture photos with various features and modes.