Identification of essential oil in one year old and five years old Artemisia absinthium L. in various phonological stages

Age, stage of plant development, and vegetative and reproductive growth stage at harvesting time are effective and important factors in determining the content of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. In the present study, the variation of essential oil in Artemisia absinthium L. was studied. Sampling of cultivated plants was carried out from the plants grown in the field of Agricultural Research and Education Center of Hamadan province at three phonological stages of five years old plants (vegetative, beginning of flowering, full flowering) and vegetative stage of one year old plants picked in the early morning. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger's apparatus and essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 40 different components were identified. The main component of essential oil in all samples was (z) -B-Ocimene oxide. The amount of (z) -B-Ocimene oxide in a one-year plants, a five-years plants at vegetative stage, a five-years old plant at the beginning of flowering stage and five years old at the stage of full flowering were 76.53%, 47.84%, 66.59% and 52.93%, respectively. Among the other dominant components of the plant, carvacrol and sabinene can be mentioned wich the highest level of carvacrol (7.27%) was observed in vegetative stage and Sabinene (4.44%) at full flowering stage of five years old plants.