Effect of Self-Care Education on Patients’ Quality of Life after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is often associated with social isolation, treatment rejection, and negative perception of the health status of patients. One of the methods to detect these problems is evaluating the quality of life. This study aimed at determining the effect of self-care behavior education on quality of life of patients after CABG based on Pender’s health promotion model. This semi-experimental was conducted on cardiac surgery candidates, who underwent CABG in the cardiac center hospital of Mazandaran, Iran in 2017. Subjects were selected and divided into two intervention and control groups, using block randomization. Sample size was estimated at 220 individuals (110 cases per group), and data were collected, using interviews with subjects, the self-care questionnaire based on Pender’s health promotion model in cardiac surgery candidates, and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Moreover, the patients were followed-up and trained for 3 and 6 months after the intervention. In this research, ANOVA results demonstrated that the different structures of quality of life significantly changed at 3 periods, including before, 3, and 6 months after the intervention (p<0.001). Furthermore, the mean total score of quality of life was higher in the intervention group (56.244±1.474), compared to the control group (48.120±1.508) in all 3 periods. According to the results of the study, it is recommended that the model designed and used in the current research be applied to perform healthcare behaviors, so that the quality of life of patients can be improved after cardiac surgery.