Role of metalloproteinase matrix in development of cavity and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are multi-chain proteins that regulated by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and several other mechanisms. This Includes transcription regulation and protein form secretion. The roles of MMPs in wound healing and tissue repair. In tuberculosis (TB), the activity of MMPs is increased and TIMP inhibitors decrease activity. Therefore, in tuberculosis, MMPs cause excessive damage to the lung tissue and cavity formation.
In a case-control study, plasma samples of healthy controls, symptomatic respiratory tract controls and tuberculosis patients were evaluated by available sampling in Ali Ibn Abitaleb and Bouali Hospitals, Zahedan, Iran, from Apri1 2015 to April 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: tuberculosis and control group and the level of MMPs were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in plasma samples of the two groups. For MMP-8, which was important in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, a cutoff point was obtained.
384 people including 123 healthy controls. 107 non-tuberculosis, and 154 tuberculosis patients were examined; 230 patients in the control group and 154 patients in the tuberculosis group. Levels of MMPs in tuberculosis and symptomatic respiratory group were higher than healthy group. The mean of MMP-8 was significantly different between two groups (P<0.001). In this study, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of plasma MMP-8 in detection of TB in non-TB patients in MMP-8 cutoff point=6650 pg/ml were 65.4%, 78.2%, 50%, and 93% respectively outcome. Significantly, the rate of pulmonary cavity was significantly higher in the TB group; Higher cavity, higher concentration of plasma MMPs.
In this study, first comprehensive analysis of MMPs was performed. Two collagenases, MMP-1 and MMP-8, were active in tuberculosis, but MMP-8 was specifically higher in tuberculosis than in both symptomatic and healthy controls. Level of MMP-1, 3, 8, 9 was higher in men than in women. The analysis of genders separately showed MMP-8 was increased in tuberculosis group in comparison with control group and MMP-1 group in both TB and symptomatic respiratory tract increased.