Concurrent Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: a case report

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a life-threatening and scarce disorder characterized by acute renal failure and disease, non-immune microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, leading to end-stage renal failure or death, and consequently maybe accompanying by extra renal manifestations.  We reported aHUS accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 40-month-old girl with chief complaint of fever and tea-colored urine starting on the morning of the same day. The aHUS was diagnosed based on patient's clinical manifestations, increased serum creatinine, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and no history of diarrheal disease. Since the atypical hemolytic–uremic syndrome has a poor prognosis, its death rates is as high as 25% and it progresses to end-stage renal disease in half of the patients. It seems that an upper respiratory infection caused both autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and aHUS in our patient.