Presenting a comprehensive mathematical programming model to a production and distribution planning in a closed-loop supply chain

Planning of production, distribution, collection and recovery of used products plays an important role in reduction of environmental burdens of different industries. To this aim, many researchers have presented efficient models for planning of forward-reverse supply chains. The most of presented models have covered strategic issues in this area and neglected the tactical and operational level decision making problem. In this paper, a comprehensive and integrated mathematical programming model to production and distribution planning in a closed-loop supply chain is presented. In the proposed model, the customers are divided into three groups including new product customers, recovered product customers, and raw material customers. Due to economy of scale principal, hybrid production/recovery centers and hybrid distribution/redistribution centers are considered instead of separate facilities. The acquired results show the ability of the propose model to production and distribution planning in a closed-loop supply chain.