The Psychology of Lying: Motivation, Cognitive Correlates, Subjects, and the Reform Path

Falsehood is a widespread phenomenon, despite its intense disgust. What motivates people to lie? What are the cognitive correlates during and after lying? What are the backgrounds for lying and how can it be prevented? This research, from a psychological perspective, seeks to answer the above questions. The results of psychological studies show that people with different motivations commit lies. These motives can be presented in the form of material or psychological benefits to the individual or to others; material interests such as money and other tangible benefits such as obtaining a job, and psychological benefits such as avoiding embarrassment, respecting politeness, and not hurting others' feelings. From the cognitive point of view, people need more cognitive effort when lying (as opposed to being truthful), and sometimes believe in their own lie after lying. Subjects such as inappropriate environments and misconceptions contribute to the formation of lies. Dealing with lies requires two cognitive and practical steps; first, by studying the phenomenon, we gain a proper understanding of it, and in the second step, we avoid barriers such as creating moral reminders in tempting situations. The result of this research is psychological studies  on lying. Accordingly, the present research is based on the documentary method and takes a descriptive or analytical form accordingly.