Jurisprudential Explanation of the Principle of the Prohibition of Multiplicity of Objection to Authenticity of Deed and Claim of Payment

By bringing an action to the court, a kind of legal relationship is created between the parties to a dispute. People in this legal relationship sometimes state an objection to the authenticity of the deed before, after, or simultaneous with the claim of payment. The principle of the prohibition of the multiplicity of the objection to the authenticity of the deed is one of the important and notable topics in civil law which attracts the attention of every reader. This principle is stated in the second part of Article 228 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The question of the present study is whether it is possible to deal with the authenticity of the deed from the jurisprudential and legal point of view if the objection is made before, after, or simultaneous with the claim of payment. Research and investigation in jurisprudential and legal sources and identification of common and specific bases of this principle yielded the conclusion that given the circumstances, it can be said that an objection to the authenticity of a deed can be stated before, after, and simultaneous with the claim of payment; otherwise, it is impossible to state the case simultaneously or consecutively. Also, by specifying the grounds for this principle, the purpose of the legislator from the enactment of Article 228 Civil Procedure can be discovered and provide answers to the questions raised in this regard. The present study aims to provide a jurisprudenctial examination of the subject by studying the basics of the issue in Islamic law and jurisprudence and substantive law.