Study the Concept of Behaviors in Money Launderingin Iran's Penal Law and ‎Anti-Corruption Convention; Antitypes and Difficulties

Behaviors which are committed in pursuit of money laundering are limitative and ‎expressly envisaged in international conventions and in the Anti-Money Laundering ‎Act 1386. Conversion, Transfer, Exchange, Concealment, Disguise and … are ‎among these behaviors. Limitation of these cases and their proximity in terms of ‎meaning in spite of having different concepts from a legal perspective have different ‎effects on the committing the money laundering, need to be investigated further and ‎more detailed. Moreover, the money laundering penal code is silent about the ‎behavior of managing in contrast with Merida Convention and has criminalized ‎some behaviors like exchanging and reserving which haven’t seen in Merida ‎convention.‎Besides, both the Convention and money laundering penal code are silent about ‎the changing as one of behavior for laundering. The reason may be the special ‎perspective to phrase of conversion that recognized its meaning area enough to ‎involve the meaning of change. However, with studding and examining the two ‎behaviors we can know some acts and behaviors have just coincided with the ‎behavior of changing and not conversion‏.‏‎ This article has tried to study the ‎ambiguities, mentioned questions and either difficulties of money laundering code in ‎contrast to Merida Convention more accurate with conceptualizing the mentioned ‎phrases in both article 23 of Merida Convention and article 2 of Money Laundering ‎Code and with using Italian and Spanish copy of Merida Convention in some cases.‎