Impacts of Ethics on Inference of Jurisprudential Rulings with a Focus on Ghazālī’s Views in his Revival of the Religious Sciences (Iḥyā ulūm al-dīn)

As two independent and yet very close and homogeneous sciences, ethics and jurisprudence (fiqh) have the capacity and possibility of a mutual impact. The realization of these impacts can greatly help the promotion, dynamics, and harmony of jurisprudential and moral rulings. Drawing on an analytic method and studies in intellectual history, this paper considers the impacts of ethics on inference of jurisprudential rulings in Ghazālī’s view. The paper aims to analyze, explicate, and consider Ghazālī’s proposal about the impacts. The style of inference resulting from these impacts is called “inner inference.” In this paper, we explain that ethics can transform inferential conceptions and judgements via a change of the humanist foundations of jurisprudential inference and a presentation of a virtue approach to such inferences. As a result of thee transformations, jurisprudential concepts will expand, and in some cases, their meanings will change. Moreover, as to the inference of jurisprudential rulings, their disadvantages and impacts on the human psyche will be taken into account, culminating in jurisprudential rulings which are compatible with other sciences such as ethics, have vertical orders, and have conditions and constraints approximating their rulings to their philosophy..