A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN EDUCATION IN THE INTERPRETATIONS OF ATYAB’UL BAYAN AND FI ZILAL AL-QURAN

The Holy Quran, with its special educational system and its realistic view of the existential and psychological structure of human beings and social phenomena, seeks to bring human beings to their true happiness in the shadow of this educational system. Therefore, many points about the principles of education can be seen in the verses of the Qur'an. By examining the verses of the Qur'an and considering the thoughts of two great Shiite and contemporary Sunni commentators - Tayyib and Sayyid Qutb - in the field of principles of education, we come to a total of nine general principles in Qur'anic education, which are: 1- The principle of reason and thinking 2- The principle of gradualness and continuity, 3- The principle of honor and respect, 4- The principle of equality, 5- The principle of authority, 6- The principle of proportionality and moderation, 7- The principle of purposefulness, 8- The principle of naturalism, 9- The principle of activity.  Although Sayyid Abdul Hussein Tayyeb and Sayyid Qutb lived at about the same time, but they had different geographical boundaries, political, social status, and intellectual concerns Sayyid Qutb, as an Egyptian scholar and intellectual activist, does not consider the Qur'an to be merely a mystical or theoretical book, but a book of "movement and dynamism". Thus, he, in his interpretation, emphasizes the problems of the present age and the unhealthy situation of the infidels and calls on the Muslims to adhere to this only way. Tayyib also has a social approach and in explaining the principles of education, he pays much attention to the view of the Ahl al-Bayt, as stated in the Shiite narrations, and tries not to violate this view in interpreting the verses. Tayyib has used a large number of narrations to interpret the verses and complete the topics discussed below the verses, which is much more than what Sayyid Qutb has used.