The Prevalence of Underlying Diseases and Comorbiditiesin COVID-19 Patients; an Updated Systematic Review andMeta-analysis

Gaining knowledge about underlying diseases and associated comorbidities in patients withCOVID-19 can be beneficial in developing a proper understanding of the disease prognosis as well as com-prehensive management, and treatment of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalenceof underlying diseases and associated comorbidities in COVID-19 patients using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Major biomedical electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHLand EMBASE were searched for all relevant literature published in English from January to July 2020. Cross-sectional and retrospective studies reporting the prevalence of comorbid conditions such as acute cardiac injury,acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, shock, acute respiratory disease, and acuterespiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. After selecting eligiblestudies, two authors extracted data of each study, independently, and any inconsistency was resolved throughdiscussion with the third reviewer until reaching a consensus. The risk of bias was assessed by two independentresearch experts using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The variance in the meta-analyses on prevalence wasstabilized by double arcsine transformations.

The pooled prevalence of acute respiratory injury in pa-tients with COVID-19 was estimated as 34% (95% Cl: 10 – 57%). Also, the prevalence of acute kidney injury, acuteliver injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and shock were estimated as 10% (95% Cl: 6 - 14%), 19% (95%Cl: 10 - 27%), 23 % (95% Cl: 19 - 27%), and 12 % (95% Cl: 5 – 19 %).

According to this meta-analysis,comorbidities such as hypertension, acute liver and kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock,diabetes, and coronary heart disease seem to be a predisposing factor for symptomatic and severe COVID-19infection.