Surveying Mullā Ṣadrā and Plantinga’s Solutions for Problem of Evil Based on Quran and Traditions

Both Mullā Ṣadrā, as a theosophical philosopher in Islamic philosophy tradition, and Plantinga, as a theist philosopher, in western philosophy, with their own principles and special theories have inquired about the problem of Evils. The first by utilizing his principles like fundamentality of existence, negativity of evils, the best arrangement of things, and overcoming of goods upon evils has endeavored to solve the problem. Also, the second, using Free will based defense, has made effort to prove that there is no contradiction between existence of god and evils. These two thinkers though believe in God, his almightiness, absolute goodness and being all-knowing and human’s free will have accepted existence of evils in the world. In this essay, we will try to convey more solutions based on Quran and Traditions for this problem, in addition to giving a comparison between these solutions and those of two philosophers.