Exploring the Theories and Processes of government Formation in the Western World and Islam

There are numerous theories about the State such as "legal", "pluralism", "functionalism", "developmental" and "class state" theories that lead to the creation of "conservative", "liberal", "democratic", "fascist", "Communist", "welfare" and "neoliberal" theory of state that have become the norm in Western civilization. The experiences of state-building in Islamic civilization also led to Sunni governments to secular monarchies or secular democracies, and in addition to the short-lived experience of the Imamate system in Shi'ism, the Shi'ite governments came to despotic monarchies during the absence of a constitutional model. The aspiration to regain power and increase parliamentary powers was also experienced in Iran. But the process of state-building after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, using the experiences of past state-building, has entered a new and important stage of state-building for the realization of a “new Islamic civilization”. At the present stage, the Islamic Republic system has been established as a turning point and the first experience of Shi'a political history in religious democracy, with the current state-building mechanism based on the dynamic political jurisprudence and the centrality of "Velayat-e Faqih" with "religious democracy" and "The constitution» Based on the human experience of other societies has been introduced as a new paradigm for the Islamic State. However, based on the "descriptive-analytical" approach in this study, theories of government and the process of state-building in the Western world and Islam as the state-building experience for the model of the Islamic Republic of Iran are discussed.