Integrated Control of onion gray rot in laboratory and storage conditions

Integrated control is a program that uses several methods to reduce the consumption of high-risk chemicals and is cost-effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined control of trichoderma fungi and chemical toxins (carbendazim and mancozeb) in onion gray rot caries. For this purpose, isolation of Trichoderma from fungal onions in Kahnouj city was carried out on a specific medium and isolates were identified using Gaussian and Twenty keys. Also, gray rot fungi were isolated and identified from onion molds infected with gray mold from the warehouses of Kahnouj city. Then, combined control of gray rot fungi was investigated by Trichoderma and two Mancosb and Carbendazim toxins. The results showed that the average inhibition of growth of Trichoderma fungi against Botrytis was 51.61percent in vitro. The average inhibitory percentages for growth of volatile metabolites were 38.14percent and nonvolatile metabolites in two treatments of 5 and 10 ml, respectively. The results of the analysis of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in onion samples treated with trichoderma showed an increase in both. Simultaneous use of trichoderma and two carbendazim and mancozeb toxins 100percent inhibited the growth of Butrititis in laboratory and storage conditions. Whereas, application of Trichoderma alone 68.18percent inhibited the growth of Botrytis in laboratory conditions. In addition, the concentration of the pesticides used was 500 ppm, which is lower than that of the conventional pesticides. Therefore, the results indicate that the fungal control of gray rot factor by trichoderma and the two toxins carbendazim and mancozeb are successful.