Combination of Propranolol and Heated 4T1 Cells Elicits Beneficial Response Against Mouse Model of Breast Cancer
Induction of Th1 responses against tumor antigens may be a useful strategy to control malignancy. In this respect, previous studies have shown that beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists can promote cellular immune responses.
This survey was done to evaluate the beneficiary of a new immunotherapy method against breast cancer made by mixing heated 4T1 cells and propranolol, as an adjuvant.
Subcutaneously injected live 4T1 cells (1 × 104) were used to induce breast cancer in six to eight-week-old female Balb/c mice. when all mice had a palpable tumor, immunotherapy was dawned. Mice in the treatment groups were vaccinated, twice at a one-week interval, with the extract of heated 4T1(1 × 105) either alone or in combination with propranolol (6 mg/kg). Negative control mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as the same schedule. One-half of the mice were euthanized one week after the last vaccination to investigate the immune response profile. Other animals were kept until death occurred spontaneously.
Combined immunotherapy with propranolol and extract of heated 4T1 had synergistic effects, causing a more desirable survival curve and slower tumor growth when compared to other tumor-bearing mice receiving only heated 4T1 or PBS. Furthermore, combined immunotherapy significantly augmented the production of IFN-γ nitric oxide production, respiratory burst, and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in the splenocyte culture of tumor-bearing mice. Conversely, combined immunotherapy significantly regressed the production of TGF-β and IL-10 in the splenocyte population compared to cytokine production by splenocytes from other groups.
Combined heated 4T1 cells with propranolol promote beneficial outcomes in the animal model of breast cancer.
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