Photovoltaic Microgrids Control by the Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems

This paper presents a cooperative control which is applied to the secondary control of a microgrid controlled via a multi-agent scheme. Balancing power that leads to voltage and frequency stability in a microgrid is essential. The voltage and frequency regulations are limiting within the specified limits and conveying them to their nominal values. Limiting and conveying the voltage and frequency to their nominal values is done by the primary and secondary controls, respectively.  A Microgrid has both dispatchable and non-dispatchable sources. Dispatchable sources are controlled by the conventional P-ω and Q-E droop controls. A photovoltaic as a non-dispatchable source generates the active power according to weather conditions, but the reactive power is supplied using the E-Q droop method. The E-Q droop uses the idle capacity of the inverters in the reactive power supply. Distributed secondary control increases the stability due to good, accurate and reliable controls. The frequency is constant in the whole microgrid. Since line impedances are different, load terminal voltage control is necessary. The load is considered as another agent, who can request the desired voltage at its terminal bus.