Investigating the Challenges of Achieving National Integration in Iran(Case study: Turkmen ethnic group)

The issue of ethnicity and ethnic groups has become increasingly important in international politics and political sociology in recent decades. In this regard, national Integration as one of the main factors of stability of political and social systems and one of the main goals and areas of political socialization in all political systems play an essential role in the stability of governance and the survival of the people as well as development and The progress of nations in the space of their country and even beyond in the international environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges of achieving national Integration of ethnic groups in Iran. This study has been done in terms of applied purpose and descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of the study is 400 people of Turkmen ethnicity in Golestan province who were selected by Cochran's method using available random sampling. A Likert-based questionnaire was used to collect information. Structural equation modeling based on Smart-Pls software was used to analyze the research data. Findings showed that identity, livelihood and institutional challenges have a negative and significant effect on National Integration. Also, a positive and significant effect was found between identity challenges with livelihood challenges, and livelihood challenges with institutional challenges.