Investigating the causes and contexts of Iranian migration in the Mongol period

The Mongol invasion of Iran and the establishment of their rule under the name of Ilkhans caused the formation of various waves of migration of residents of different parts of Iran. In general, these migrations and territorial changes took place during two different periods of Mongol rule, and each time a group of inhabitants migrated to their neighboring safe areas and even to distant lands. Against the question of why Iranians migrated during this period? And to which areas did the immigrants migrate? The claim of the investigation is as follows: In the first wave of migration, a group of Iranians saved their lives and left their homeland due to the terrifying policy of the Mongols and their brutal killing, slaughter and looting. But with the establishment of Mongol power in Iran and the formation of the Ilkhanate, other factors such as livelihood conflicts, heavy taxes and captivity caused the migration of Iranians. The southern regions of Iran, such as Fars, Kerman, and Yazd, which were dominated by local rulers during this period, along with India, Egypt, and Asia Minor, were shelters for immigrants in both waves of migration. This descriptive-analytical study, with reference to first-hand sources, will first analyze the reasons for the migration of Iranians after the Mongol invasion and the Ilkhanate period, and then the class base of immigrants and their safe havens will be examined.