Zaum into Popular Literature on the Basis of Torbat-e Jám Folk Literature

This paper aims to study and analyze the issue of Zaum in popular literature because popular literature has been and is a suitable platform for the appearance of Zaum. It is basically one of the most frequent elements and motifs in Zaum popular literature. Examples of this research are selected from the popular literature of Torbat-e Jam region. Zaum refers to words that deviate from linguistic logic and have no meaning or are nonsensical, but by creating music in poetry and also in proverbs and songs, they cause emotional motivation and sweetness. In literary research, the term comes from the Russian school of futurism. It was first introduced into Persian literary studies by Shafi’ï Kadkani. According to researchers, Zaum is divided into three categories: semiotic, morphological, and phonetic. This division is based on word-of-mouth Zaum and it is based on Zaum at lexical level. The findings of this study show that Zaum also occurs at the level of hemistich or line (sentence). Nonsense poetry and injection have sentence Zaum. Though meaningless, Zaum produces and increases music. As a result, this music compensates for the meaning charge. In some folk poems, where the poet does not have a high level of poetic mastery, he creates Zaum. In children poetry, Zaum is more prevalent, because music is more important than meaning.