A Critical Study of the Epistemology of the Critical Realism Based on Neo-Sadrians` Foundations

One of the harms of religious thought in Islamic society is the design of the humanities based on Western philosophical principles. The way to deal with this damage is to raise the fundamental issues of Islamic thought and compare it with contemporary and influential ideas in Western societies on new issues that have been considered in the field of epistemology. To this end, the present study, while introducing the epistemological foundations of Sadra's wisdom and critical realism, tries to evaluate critical realism in explaining reality based on the findings of Sadra's wisdom and seeks to answer this question. Is it possible for critical realism to have a correct explanation of reality based on its epistemological foundations? Therefore, this study, being library-based and using a descriptive-analytical research method, finally concludes that critical realism, after distinguishing between the necessary object of knowledge (what exists) and the transitive object of knowledge (what we can know), with the reduction of the field of science to its transcendental object, as well as with the reduction of the internal content of knowledge to its social dimensions, has suffered from cognitive difficulties and has still failed to explain reality. Whereas Mulla Sadra in his transcendent wisdom, unlike critical realism, does not return the designations of knowledge entirely to its social dimensions, but also discusses the designations and existential dimensions of science. And he considers the truths of the world to be rational matters, that what is perceived outside the senses is the descent of those truths perceived by the intellect.