An Analytic Study of Abnormalities of Persian and Arabic Calligraphy

The calligraphy of any language is part of its identity and cultural history and represents changes of the language over time. The rule in calligraphy is that the word should be written as it is pronounced, although sometimes there are deviations from the norm in calligraphy. Some Persian and Arabic linguists have considered the aberrations of calligraphy of these two languages as incomprehensible and accidental and consider it as a result of the unsystematic rules of calligraphy. And some of them also believe that the irregularities of the Persian script have been completely influenced by the Arabic script. Therefore, it is very important to study this issue. This article studies the anomalies of common calligraphy between Persian and Arabic, as well as Persian-specific anomalies by adopting a descriptive-analytical method. The reasons such as the influence of old writing methods, the principle of distinguishing between similar forms, preserving the apparent structure of the word and sound effects, and the beauty of the line have been influential in this issue.