crossing the classic rules of corporate law in corporate groups, the substantial and procedural evolution

Corporate group is collection of companies which have shareholding relations with each other and conduct business under the management of a company which is named the parent company. In this relation, owning the most of the shares of the subsidiary company by the parent company results an impressive influence of the latter company on the controlled company and can affect different legal substantive and procedural areas like the responsibility and jurisdiction, in the case of the activities of the group in different legal systems. The question of this article is determining the defendant in the case of occurring damage to the third parties by the subsidiary company. And in the case of dispersing the activities in different jurisdictions, which court is competent? The Authors via a comparative study conclude that the parent company in spite of it's separate legal personality and it's limited liability as the shareholder of the subsidiary company, could be liable id if breaches it’s duty of care. In addition, proving the jurisdiction to one of the defendants in a corporate group can results the proving of the jurisdiction to other members of the group and the competency of the court for suing all of them, an argument which is mostly based on the doctrine of single economic enterprise in different legal systems