The semantics of "guidance" in Nahj al-Balaghah, based on lexical companionship

Vocabulary semantics has been one of the branches of linguistics ,which deals with the semantic analysis of words and sentences in a text and clarifies the relationship between them through the semantic system. This method helps the reader to pay attention to the context and accuracy of the words, from the perspective of the speaker or writer, look at the text and achieve a chain of meaning. Such a process, a better understanding of various texts, especially religious texts, such as Nahj al-Balaghah and the words used in it. Hedayat is a widely used word in Nahj al-Balaghah around which various doctrinal, educational and moral issues have been raised. The present study has been organized by descriptive-analytical method and using simultaneous semantics, with the aim of understanding the tools, effective concepts and achieving the semantic field of the word guidance in Nahj-al-Balagheh. Studies have shown that the basic meaning of guidance is guidance, and various areas can be proposed in connection with this word, including: instrumental companions, such as the Prophet (PBUH); Leading companions, such as asking for divine help; Fellow companions like the devil; Related words, such as having a healthy heart; Contradictory words, such as misguidance. From the analysis of the above data, it can be concluded that guidance is salvation from God to those who have a sound heart and do not walk in the path of error and destruction. Drawing the semantic field of the word guidance in Nahj al-Balaghah, based on the method of synchronicity and lexical companionship, is considered as one of the innovations of the present study.