Experimental study of time-dependent deformation of the wall deformation Nailing during excavation operations

Today, with the cities expansion and population growth, the need for high-rise buildings and deep excavations for their implementation is increasingly felt. Under constant loading conditions, soil undergoes deformations over time which is called time-dependent deformations. This is of particular importance in terms of safety in the long run. In this study, based on the physical modelling technique, the long term behaviour of stabilized deep excavation in silty sand, using the nailing method, has been investigated. The test results indicated that with increasing the depth of excavation the lateral displacements, the surface settlements behind the excavation wall and also the time-dependent deflections increase as well. In addition, if the excavation operation is brought to a temporary halt or is led to the abandonment, it results in a significant increase in the time-dependent deflections. Finally, the recorded data revealed that the rate of the experienced deformations over time decreases which is due to the gradual mobilization of forces in the nails.