Comparative Analysis of the Quiddity and Function of Supposition in Various Aspects of Human Life from the Viewpoint of Religious Texts and the Heritage of Muslim Philosophers

Self-knowledge is among the most important teachings whose essential role is emphasized by the revelatory and rational doctrines. Human feelings, speech, behavior, and attitudes are based on causes, one of the most important and neglected factors of which is the "supposition" whose realm of influence encompasses all aspects of human life. Since the management of a supposition is peripheral to its cognition, this paper examines the "nature and function" of the supposition in human thoughts and actions through the method of propositional and systematic analysis. The problem of research is directly rooted in the two disciplines of philosophy and psychology, and the researcher tries to explain the quiddity of supposition and its role in Islamic philosophy and religious texts with a philosophical and ontological approach. Supposition is a powerful mental form with an unconscious effect that can gradually become outstanding and replace the real subject, and due to changing attitudes, determine the general framework of thoughts and interactions on that subject and influence the person's decision-making through the logic of preference. The nature and function of supposition among Muslim scholars - and in a sublime way in Mullā Ṣadrā's view - is explained in more detail under the heading of "imagination". In the heavenly teachings of Islam, the role of supposition, interpreted as "suspicion" (ẓann), has been emphasized and attention has been paid to its correction. The present research is intended to correctly understand supposition in the light of revelatory and rational teachings in order to provide the necessary grounds for controlling and correcting supposition in different aspects of life and by reducing the consequences of not paying attention to this hidden dimension, an important step is taken toward self-knowledge and attainment of a goodly pure life.