Nezami Ganje’i’s satire, the bitter song bird(An overview of Nezami Ganjae’i’s satirical and critical discourse based on his Khamsa)

Among literary genres, satire is the most committed type of literature, and when it emerges from the work of a poet or writer, it shows elements of social commitment and protest in his thoughts. Nezami Ganje'i can also be considered a satirical poet with social and committed tendencies who, by a protest view, uses satire as an artistic tool to express his thoughts and correct social anomalies. This research seeks to know the connection between the conditions of society and Nezami’s time along with the poet's special manner and action with his satirical and critical discourse, so after extracting satirical examples of his poetry from his Khamsa, the author tries to identify the content and style features of Nezami’s satire and finally introduces his humor-creating techniques with examples. The research method is based on descriptiveanalytical method and is conducted with a humanistic approach. The findings of this study show that Nezami’s satire is tragic, the poet's protesting view of society and the prevalence of oppression and injustice in it, has turned his humor into a bitter and biting satire and has given it a hidden and indirect state. The poet's social consciousness leads him to end his satirical themes and anecdotes with moral conclusions. The context of the debate is a good place for Nezami’s roguish satire, and "Fox" and "Kurd" are the most popular satirical character types of his poetry.