A New and Very Fast Fault Detection and Classification Method based on Traveling Wave in Transmission Lines

This study introduces a single-ended method to detect the protection zone and distinguish faults occurring in the back of the relay in the transmission lines and then provides an algorithm to classify different types of faults, including a lightning strike on phases and shield wire. Accordingly, using the Wavelet Transform (WT), the first class of Traveling Wave (TW) current is separated at the beginning of all bus-connected lines. The faulty line and the protection zone are selected based on the relations governing the radiation and reflection. Then, given the features and relations extracted from these waves, the faults caused by lightning strikes on the transmission line and conventional faults are classified, with considering the mutual induction between TWs on the transmission line phases. This action is essential and helpful for transmission line with single phase tripping and auto-reclosing mechanisms. Over 1100 faults with varying conditions and locations are implemented on a 100-km line with a voltage level of 230 kV in the PSCAD software to evaluate and test the proposed method. The results of this heavy simulation confirmed the validity, speed, and accuracy of the proposed method.