Adoptive chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) and Treg cell-based immunotherapies: Frontier therapeutic aspects in cancers

Based on this point that some of the cancers do not appropriately respond to conventional therapy and there is the possibility of relapse, immunotherapy is currently under investigation. Cancer immunotherapies are widely recognized as transformational for several cancers and enable to move to the front-line therapy with few side effects. One of its new branches is treatment with T-cells that have been changed their receptor. The research on these cells is generally according to the design of a receptor against a specific tumor antigen. Also, manipulation of regulatory T-cell (Tregs), as the barriers to useful immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, will promote Tregs -targeted therapeutic opportunities and improve the efficacy of the current cancer treatment, such as radiation and chemotherapy. This review attempts to show novel insights into the roles of Tregs in cancer which can be considered as a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy for targeting them and approaches for generation of tumor antigen-specific T lymphocytes (AST) using chimeric antigen receptors.