Introducing three important exotic pathogenic viruses (IPNV, IHNV &VHSV) in farmed Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Three viral diseases “Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN), and Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS)” are deadly infectious diseases for coldwater fish that can occur each year among susceptible fish in fish farms (breeding farms). They cause mortality and severe economic losses in cold water fish farms. These diseases sometimes cause damage to this industry and also reduce the interest of investors to invest in this profitable industry. These diseases are not only infectious and contagious but also are worldwide. The diseases cause significant damage in most of the pioneer countries in the production of rainbow trout. Due to the viral nature of these diseases, despite new scientific advances in the world, it is still not possible to completely cure the diseases also no effective vaccines have been developed for them yet. Therefore, awareness of hygienic rules, control and prevention ways of these diseases, can play an important role in reducing the economic losses and expenses of the fish farmers. Also, observance of hygienic principles, full implementation of biosecurity, proper nutrition and health management practices on farms, can be properly effective and efficient in controlling, preventing and reducing the relevant morbidity, mortality and economic losses.