A review on dietary mineral requirements of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The role of minerals has been investigated in the nutrition, physiology and life span of many animals. However, it is challenged with limited access to data on requirements of fish minerals and their effects on the body's biochemical compositions and functions, enzymatic reactions and non-enzymatic structural units. This is due to the absorption of some minerals by water, food, and therefore the accurate measurement of these elements is not possible. Nowadays, it has been proved the importance of micro and macro elements as essential components of rainbow trout in many studies. Macro elements (P, Ca, Mg, K and Na) are constituent component of biochemical reactions and pathways and the presence of micro elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn and Se) is considered as important parameters for improving the growth and nutrition of fish. In this regards, interaction between macro and micro elements, water environment, physicochemical condition and fish physiology can impress access to optimal levels and mineral bioavailabality in diet. This review will addressed on different levels of requirements, the role of minerals in dietary and their interaction on growth, nutrition and physiology in rainbow trout as an important farmed species.