Optimal distance among water diversion structures for mitigating runoff on the skid trails (case study: Kheyrud forest)

Using machinery wood extraction in steep slope in the Hyrcanian forests can increase the soil bulk density and soil compaction, decrease the infiltration water into soil of skid trail, which results in an increase runoff and soil loss and has detrimental effects on soil nutrients loss and sedimentation into the downstream infrastructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal distance of water diversion in skid trails to mitigate sthe ediment and runoff in compartments 315 and 316 of Gorazbon district in Kheyrud forest. In this study, 9 plots with length of 20, 30 and 40 m and slope gradient of 15, 25 and 35% were established along the longitudinal slope of the skid trails. A tank was installed to collect runoff at the outlet of each plot. Also, runoff in each rain event as well as soil bulk density, moisture content, organic matter, and soil texture of the plots were measured. The results revealed that the optimal distance among water diversions in the skid trails to suppress the runoff was 30 m and the most appropriate slope for mitigating runoff on the skid trails was up to 25% slope gradient. Runoff had a significant relationship with plot length. The results showed that the amount of rainfall was significantly correlated with runoff at different lengths and slopes. Therefore, it should be avoided to plan the skid trails on steep slopes for mitigating runoff, and some engineering measures such as the installing water diversion structures (by length of 30 m and slope gradient of 20-25%) to decrease the runoff should be done.